Mechanism of furfural hydrogenation

Mechanism of furfural hydrogenation
Mechanism of furfural hydrogenation
Furfural is a common organic compound that can undergo hydrogenation reactions due to the presence of carbonyl and double bonds in its structure. Furfural hydrogenation is an important organic synthesis reaction widely used in the preparation of various organic compounds. This article will provide a detailed introduction to the mechanism of furfural hydrogenation.
1、 The structure and properties of furfural
1. The structure of furfural
The molecular formula of furfural is C6H10O2, and the structural formula is CH3-CH=CH-CHO. It is a colorless liquid with a unique aromatic taste. Easy to evaporate in the air and react with oxygen in the air to deteriorate.
2. Properties of Furfural
Furfural has strong reducibility and electrophilicity. It can be reduced to polyols such as 1,6-hexanediol or 1,2,6-hexanetriol. Meanwhile, it can also undergo various reactions such as addition reactions and condensation reactions.

2、 Mechanism of furfural hydrogenation 1 When selecting a hydrogenation catalyst for furfural hydrogenation reaction, it is necessary to choose an appropriate catalyst to promote the reaction. Common catalysts include platinum, palladium, nickel, etc. Among them, platinum and palladium are the most commonly used catalysts. two The mechanism of hydrogenation reaction of furfural can be divided into two steps: the first step: furfural undergoes an addition reaction under the action of a catalyst to produce 1,3-propanediol. Step 2: 1,3-propanediol continues to undergo hydrogenation reaction under the action of catalyst, producing 1,3-propanediol and methylcyclohexane. The specific reaction equation is as follows: Step 1: CH3-CH=CH-CHO+H2 → CH3-CH (OH) - CH2OH Step 2: CH3-CH (OH) - CH2OH+H2 → CH3-C6H11OH+H2O In summary, the furfural hydrogenation reaction is a two-step reaction, which first undergoes an addition reaction to produce 1,3-propanediol, and then undergoes a hydrogenation reaction to produce 1,3-propanediol and methylcyclohexane.
3、 Factors affecting furfural hydrogenation reaction
1. Catalyst selection
Different catalysts will have different effects on furfural hydrogenation reaction. Platinum and palladium are commonly used catalysts with high catalytic activity and selectivity.
2. Reaction conditions: Reaction temperature, pressure, and hydrogen flow rate have a significant impact on the hydrogenation reaction of furfural. Normally, the reaction temperature is between 50-150 ℃ and the pressure is between 0.1-5 MPa.
3. Furfural concentration
The concentration of furfural can also affect the effectiveness of furfural hydrogenation reaction. In general, the higher the concentration of furfural, the faster the reaction rate.
4、 The application of furfural hydrogenation in organic synthesis is widely used in the preparation of various organic compounds, as furfural hydrogenation is a very important organic synthesis reaction. For example, in drug synthesis, furfural can be hydrogenated to generate hexanoyl amine, and further condensed to prepare various drug raw materials.
In summary, furfural hydrogenation is an important organic synthesis reaction with broad application prospects. Understanding its mechanism and influencing factors is of great significance for achieving efficient and controllable organic synthesis.